When a night at a restaurant or bar finally comes to a close, most Americans engage in an instinctive ritual. They dig into their wallets, fiddle with their smartphone calculators, and then decide how much money to give their server or bartender for a job well done.

Tipping, while practiced around the world, assumes a unique role in America, one to which most diners are obliged, because the United States is one of the only countries that allows businesses to offload the burden of paying workers a fair wage to their customers. And though construed as a fair way to encourage hospitality and reward good service, tipping’s roots are in racialized exploitation, while recent data shows that it continues to be, at its core, racist, sexist, and degrading.

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Birds are not as picky about their coffee as people are.

Although coffee snobs prefer arabica beans to robusta, a new study in India found that growing coffee does not interfere with biodiversity — no matter which bean the farmer chooses.

In the Western Ghats region of India, a mountainous area parallel to the subcontinent’s western coast, both arabica and robusta beans are grown as bushes under larger trees — unlike in South America, where the coffee plants themselves grow as large as trees, said Krithi Karanth, who helped lead the study, published Friday in the journal Scientific Reports.

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CHARLESTON, S.C. — Among the biologists, geneticists and historians who use food as a lens to study the African diaspora, rice is a particularly deep rabbit hole. So much remains unknown about how millions of enslaved Africans used it in their kitchens and how it got to those kitchens to begin with.

That’s what made the hill rice in Trinidad such a find.

The fat, nutty grain, with its West African lineage and tender red hull, was a favored staple for Southern home cooks during much of the 19th century. Unlike Carolina Gold, the versatile rice that until the Civil War was America’s primary rice crop, the hill rice hadn’t made Lowcountry plantation owners rich off the backs of slaves.

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Most restaurants set tables for groups. Certain reservation booking systems only offer seating for parties of two. But, despite the fact that restaurants are designed as social spaces, complete with menus of “share plates,” some restaurants are embracing the presence of the solo diner. “I think it’s a real compliment,” New York City restaurateur Will Guidara says of solo guests. “It’s saying ‘I’m here at the restaurant. It’s my number one priority.’”

Because of that enthusiasm, “it is kind of a rule [at his NYC restaurant Eleven Madison Park] to go above and beyond to make those experiences special” for those dining alone, Guidara says. And other chefs and restaurant owners are taking steps to ensure those eating alone feel like they’re more than lost potential for a bigger bill.

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For folks who plan to spend February 14 cuddled up on the couch alone with a bottle of wine, Kessler Pie Company has introduced the perfect pairing: a savory pie emblazoned with Drake lyrics.

The new pies at the Oak Cliff shop are just the latest creative Kessler Pie Company creation, topped with a lattice crust and then garnished with “I only luv my bed and my mamma,” which of course comes from rapper Aubrey “Drake” Graham’s latest hit “God’s Plan.” It’s one of many “text on pies” that the shop will make for its customers, like last year’s “Whoa” pie inspired by Drake’s “Child’s Play.”

“We wanted to do a more modern twist on Valentine’s desserts with lyrics, and it just kind of blew up,” Miriam Ortega, who’s in charge of the text pies. “We’ve sold out probably three times already. We can’t keep them on the shelf, or even online.” According to Ortega, the most popular flavor is the shop’s savory chicken pot pie, but the lyrics can also be added to apple, apple-cranberry, banana cream, chocolate, and coconut cream pies. “People want the text to pop more,” Ortega says. “So they typically choose the pies that have a full crust on top.”

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